Implementation of the ACM0002 methodology in small hydropower plants in Colombia under the Clean Development Mechanism

Eduardo Alexander Duque Grisales

Abstract


Worldwide, power generation from fossil fuels is currently in jeopardy due to carbon dioxide emissions that directly influence the greenhouse effect and thus, climate change. This has led to seek or encourage the use of other sources of power generation, such as hydropower. Small Hydroelectric Plants (SHP) represent a suitable alternative for electric power generation in Colombia due to favorable conditions in its operation and the low environmental impact compared with other available energy sources in the country. SHPs, within the Clean Development Mechanism, are considered a source of clean energy with minimal impacts on the environment. This article presents a review of the existing methodologies for assessing greenhouse gas emissions and the implementation of the ACM0002 methodology in a SHP in Colombia, calculating an updated emission factor in the country.


Keywords


Carbon market; Clean Development Mechanism (CDM); Small Hydroelectric Plant (SHP); ACM0002; Emission factor

Full Text:

PDF

References


UNFCCC, «United Nations: Framework Convention on Climate Change», oct-2013. [Internet]. Available from: http://unfccc.int/2860.php. [Accessed: 01-nov-2014].

J. I. González, M. V. Angulo, y C. López, «Pobreza y Cambio Climático», Trab. Realiz. Para N. U.-Pnud Doc. Digit., p. 52, 2009.

P. M. Vitousek, «Global environmental change an introduction», Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., vol. 23, pp. 1-14, 1992.

E. Lokey, Renewable Energy Project Development Under the Clean Development Mechanism, Sustainable Future. London: Earthscan, 2009.

PNUMA y UNFCCC, Para comprender el Cambio Climático: Guía Elemental de la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas y el Protocolo de Kioto. Denmark, 2002.

H. Aragón, «El Mercado del Carbono: construcción institucional, funcionamiento y perspectivas.», Economía Informa, 354, 98-110, 2008.

A. K. Akella, R. P. Saini, y M. P. Sharma, «Social, economical and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems», Renew. Energy Sustain. Dev. Asia Pac. Reg., vol. 34, n.o 2, pp. 390-396, feb. 2009.

D. A. Devault, G. Merlina, P. Lim, J.-L. Probst, y E. Pinelli, «Multi-residues analysis of pre-emergence herbicides in fluvial sediments: application to the mid-Garonne River», J Env. Monit, vol. 9, n.o 9, pp. 1009-1017, 2007.

A. P. J. Mol, «Carbon flows, financial markets and climate change mitigation», Environ. Dev., vol. 1, n.o 1, pp. 10-24, ene. 2012.

J. V., Fenhann & M. L., Hinostroza, CDM Information and guidebook, Second. Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Risø Nationallaboratoriet for Bæredygtig Energi, 2011.

C. Karan & P. Ambrosi, «State and Trends of the Carbon Market 2009», Washington, DC: World Bank Institute, 2009.

R. M. Barros y G. L. Tiago Filho, «Small hydropower and carbon credits revenue for an SHP project in national isolated and interconnected systems in Brazil», Renew. Energy, vol. 48, n.o 0, pp. 27-34, dic. 2012.

D. E. C. Martins, M. E. B. Seiffert, y M. Dziedzic, «The importance of clean development mechanism for small hydro power plants», Renew. Energy, vol. 60, n.o 0, pp. 643-647, dic. 2013.

D. Van Vuuren, Z. Fengqi, B. de Vries, J. Kejun, C. Graveland, y L. Yun, «Energy and emission scenarios for China in the 21st century—exploration of baseline development and mitigation options», Energy Policy, vol. 31, n.o 4, pp. 369-387, mar. 2003.

G. Abril, F. Guérin, S. Richard, R. Delmas, C. Galy-Lacaux, P. Gosse, A. Tremblay, L. Varfalvy, M. A. Dos Santos, y B. Matvienko, «Carbon dioxide and methane emissions and the carbon budget of a 10-year old tropical reservoir (Petit Saut, French Guiana)», Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, vol. 19, n.o 4, p. n/a–n/a, 2005.

BIRD, «Potencial Hidroeléctrico de Antioquia Inventario, perspectivas y estrategias», Banco de Iniciativas Regionales para el Desarrollo de Antioquia, Medellín, abr. 2011.

D. Watts, C. Albornoz, y A. Watson, «Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) after the first commitment period: Assessment of the world׳s portfolio and the role of Latin America», Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 41, n.o 0, pp. 1176-1189, ene. 2015.

A. Kossoy & P. Guigon, «State and Trends of The Carbon Market 2012.», Washington, DC: World Bank Institute, may 2012.

S. M. Rahman y G. A. Kirkman, «Costs of certified emission reductions under the Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol», Energy Econ., vol. 47, n.o 0, pp. 129-141, ene. 2015.

A. García y F. Montoya, «Oportunidades e incentivos para la generación eólica en Colombia», 8 Años Serv. Comunidad, vol. 4, p. 34, 2009.

D. C. Marín, «Análisis del Mecanismo de Desarrollo Limpio como instrumento útil de cooperación internacional en el marco del Cambio Climático, caso de estudio Colombia periodo 2004-2009», 2010.

UPME, «Registro de Proyectos de Generación», 20-dic-2014. [Internet]. Available from: http://www.siel.gov.co/siel/documentos/documentacion/Generacion/PROYECTOS_2013_JUL.pdf.

IPCC, Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation. United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

CREG, Resolución de 1995. Por la cual se establece el Código de Redes, como parte del Reglamento de Operación del Sistema Interconectado Nacional (SIN), 1995.

R. Whittington, «Hydro and the CDM: The role of hydroelectricity in meeting Kyoto obligations», Refocus, vol. 8, n.o 1, pp. 54-56, ene. 2007.

S. Zhou, X. Zhang, y J. Liu, «The trend of small hydropower development in China», Renew. Energy, vol. 34, n.o 4, pp. 1078-1083, abr. 2009.

T. Abbasi y S. A. Abbasi, «Small hydro and the environmental implications of its extensive utilization», Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 15, n.o 4, pp. 2134-2143, 2011.

T. Black, J. Blanco, A. Villa, y D. Rubiano, «Estudio de estrategia nacional para la implementación del MDL en Colombia», World Bank, Bogotá, Informe Final, abr. 2000.

M. Ledezma y Y. Caballero, «Marco de análisis del mecanismo de desarrollo limpio y las oportunidades del mercado del carbono para el desarrollo de Colombia», Prod. Más Limpia, vol. 8, n.o I, pp. 48-79, jun. 2013.

UNEP, «UNEP RISO CENTRE: ENERGY, CLIMATE AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT», oct-2013. [Internet]. Available from: www.cdmpipeline.org/. [Accessed: 01-nov-2014].

UNFCCC, «ACM0002: “Consolidated baseline methodology for grid-connected electricity generation from renewable sources†V 13.0.0.» 11-may-2012.

S. K. Michael Lazarus y Sivan Kartha, Practical Baseline Recommendations for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Projects in the Electric Power Sector. Paris, France, 2002.

UPME, «Cálculo del factor de emisión de CO2 del sistema eléctrico interconectado nacional para determinar la línea base de proyectos MDL», Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética, Bogotá, Papers, 2010.




DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.20508/ijrer.v6i1.3012.g6756

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Online ISSN: 1309-0127

Publisher: Gazi University

IJRER is cited in SCOPUS, EBSCO, WEB of SCIENCE (Clarivate Analytics);

IJRER has been cited in Emerging Sources Citation Index from 2016 in web of science.

WEB of SCIENCE between 2020-2022; 

h=30,

Average citation per item=5.73

Impact Factor=(1638+1731+1808)/(189+170+221)=9.24

Category Quartile:Q4